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Refactoring the Conjugation Machinery of Promiscuous Plasmid RP4
Chromosomal exchange and subsequent recombination of the cognate DNA between bacteria was one of the most useful genetic tools (e.g., Hfr strains) for genetic analyses
The long and winding road: accidents and tinkering in software standardization
Software is based on universal principles but not its development. Relating software to hardware is never automatic or easy. Attempts to optimize software production and
Towards the right standards: the intersection of open science, responsible research and innovation, and standards
The introduction of standards in research and development leading to new products or innovative processes can be thought of as a particularly technical approach to
Standardization and social ordering: a change of perspective
In Synthetic Biology, standardization can be viewed as a form of social coordination and ordering. Furthermore, in this social context, standards depend upon social ordering
When biology became engineering: adopting standards for living systems
Synthetic Biology, born in the early 2000s, aims to take biotechnology one step further by introducing, into the biological realm, conceptual frameworks from a range
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration